Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example The article is aimed at discussing the English as the dominate global language and, also acts as a rebuttal to retrospective arguments claiming that that position should be held by languages spoken by many people such as Mandarin. The writers commence the article with the aforementioned though inducing question, and promise in the thesis statement to explain what a global language is and how English became one. This introduction serves to prepare the reader for the ideas of the writer and creates an impression of a well thought out and organized article. The first post thesis paragraph examines and dispels popular preconception about a global language, alluding to Crystal’s book â€Å"English as a second language† wherein he posits that a language does not gain global pertinence based on the scope of words or intrinsic structure, or cultural and literal affiliations. The writers also cites Goh and Liam (Globalization of Language and culture in Asia) who found that the n umber of native speakers is not a determining feature since had this been the case Mandarin and Hindi would be considered global languages. The writer thus builds up their argument by eliminating these perceptions and creates suspense as they finally reveal what criterion determines this. They argue the status of the speakers is the main feature in giving a language global relevance; this is backed up by international recognition of the language and the number of second language speakers in the world. â€Å"The status of the native speakers that play a big role in raising the status of their language† (LCOM) It is notable that the writers of this article have alluded to two academic writers of repute and this way they create credibility for their work by presenting their perspectives. Furthermore, simply by virtue of the fact that they have cited and acknowledged makes it evident to anyone who may have interacted with the prior works that the bloggers have academic integrity by giving credit where it is due. Using these arguments, the writers are able to frame a logical viewpoint as to why English is a global language, take the first position on the status of the people. If one pursues Historical considerations and employs logical thinking, these arguments are largely proved sound. Most African countries speaking English were colonized by the British, and the status of the British as colonial masters necessitated that more natives learn and use English than the English to learn and use the local languages. Even English at some point in history was relegated to obscurity by Latin and French when the two were in their own times used by the Romans and Normans respectively in admiration, legal and religious fields by the conquerors. However, when the English speakers took over power and inevitably status, it naturally followed that the rest of the world would toe the linguistic line. The same case applied to India and Hong Kong where English is widely used despite being a second language. The claim about international recognition is also one that is easily validated logically, the more people recognize a language internationally, and the more likely they are to learn it as a second language. This further clarifies the position the English language since; it is the language, which many speakers speak as a second language. In fact, the number of those who speak English language are only found in a few countries North America,

Is the Democracy Good for the Economy of the Country Essay

Is the Democracy Good for the Economy of the Country - Essay Example Institutions in a particular country matter and history plays an important role because, in order for an economy to perform well, it should have started off well [Sokoloff et al 2000]. A country with a history of poverty is likely to remain poor. A worker who is on low subsistence wages is likely to be struggling to gather his basic necessities and to simply survive. Therefore he cannot function as an entrepreneur. He is caught in the vicious cycle of grinding poverty and is unable to accumulate enough money to invest in any business enterprise or even earn interest from savings. Further, such an individual will not be considered a good risk by credit institutions and he will not be able to secure loans either, in order to invest in capital and another start-up costs to fund any enterprise [Ghatak 2002]. Therefore the extensions of credit facilities and loans of money are restricted to rich entrepreneurs, who become a select few who cannot accelerate the growth of the per capita inco me of the majority and thereby also accelerate economic growth. Â  As opposed to this, the United States and Canada, for example, started off working on land that was not rich in crop and was difficult to cultivate. Hence, there was more scope for individuals to thrive and adopt the role of the entrepreneur as they took up the challenge of land cultivation. This resulted in a more egalitarian society where wage differences were not really so high. Therefore these nations started off with a predominantly higher per capita income, and this improved and advantageous economic situation continues even today. Credit institutions in these nations are strictly monitored by Government and interest rates are controlled. Due to the safety net of Government regulations and control and a historically corruption-free environment, more people are able to qualify to receive and repay loans {Piketty 1997] thereby increasing economic activity by investments and consequently improving economic growth.

BIMSTEC and BCIM Initiatives their Importance for India

BIMSTEC and BCIM Initiatives their Importance for India Background The emergence of regional economic cooperation among neighbouring countries is becoming a dominant feature of world economy. It means that globalisation has been escorted by regionalisation within different geographic regions of the world. It encouraged different countries and regions of the world specifically the countries of South-East Asia and North-East Asia to create collaborative ties with India. It results the formation of some sub-regional groupings which involves India as a member country. In June 1997, a new sub-regional group called Bangladesh, India, Sri Lanka, Thailand – Economic Cooperation (BIST-EC) was established.The grouping expanded withthe addition of Myanmar in August 1997, and of Bhutan and Nepal in February 2004, after that it came to be known as Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC). The aim behind the formation of BIMSTEC was to create an enabling environment for rapid economic development, accelerate social progress in the sub-region and maintain close and beneficial cooperation with existing international and regional organizations. BIMSTEC was initiated with the goal to combine the Look West policy of Thailand and ASEAN with the Look East policy of India and South Asia. Initiated in 1991, India’s Look East Policy marked a shift in India’s foreign policy. This forum has identified 14 areas for focused cooperation where a member country takes lead: India is the lead country for Transport and Communication, Tourism, Environment and Natural Disaster Management and Counter Terrorism and Transnational Crime. Bangladesh is for Trade and Investment. Myanmar is for Energy and Agriculture. Sri Lanka is for Technology. Thailand is for Fisheries, People to People contact and Public Health. Nepal is for Poverty Alleviation. Bhutan is for Culture.It is thus evident that the BIMSTECs agenda for cooperation is quite elaborate and comprehensive. The Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar (BCIM) forum for regional cooperation, earlier known as the Kunming Initiative, is a Track II[1]initiative, which came into existence in 1999 and comprisesBangladesh, China, India and Myanmar. It advocates sub-regional cooperation on infrastructure development, enhancing economic integration and people-to-people contact by the member countries. This sub-region comprises of Bangladesh, Myanmar, North eastern states of India and southern provinces of China.The BCIM is conceptualised on the basis of Growth Zones, which involves cooperation between 3 or more member countries for the development of a geographically contiguous region comprising of a part or the whole of each of the participating nations. Growth zones facilitate pooling of resources, opportunity to blend cooperation in trade, investment, transport and communication in a planned way. Importance and Potential of BIMSTEC and BCIM India had closure ties and links with the BIMSTEC member countries, with the signing of BIMSTEC agreement India got an opportunity to revive its past links with its old partners. In the speech at the Second BIMSTEC Summit in New Delhi, the then Prime Minister of India stated that the 21st century belongs to Asia and Asia will be the engine of the world economic growth. BIMSTEC is an important part of the wider Asian community. It has the potential of playing a vital role in the Asian communityof nations linked by effective road, rail, air and shipping services across which there would be free movement of people, capital,ideas and goods[2]. BIMSTEC fosters socio-economic link between South Asia and Southeast Asia bringing together 1.3 billion people accounting for 21 percent of the world population, and a combined GDP of US$750 billion[3]. BIMSTEC could be Indias gateway to forging an association with ASEAN through collaborations with Myanmar and Thailand. Additionally, it is an opportunity to create a grouping that excludes Pakistan and would also contribute to enhancing Indias focus on balancing its interests to protect its strategic position in the region. Through a bilateral association with Myanmar, Indias North East region can be integrated into the overall growth and development strategy. Table: 1 Share of India’s Export to BIMSTEC (in %) BIMSTEC 2006 2012 Growth Rate (%) Bangladesh 26.74 31.87 5.13 Sri Lanka 33.75 24.62 -9.13 Thailand 21.66 22.30 0.64 Nepal 14.84 16.70 1.86 Myanmar 1.99 3.40 1.41 Bhutan 1.02 1.10 0.08 India’s export to BIMSTEC (US$ Billion) 6.2 15.5 Indias export to world (US$ Billion) 121.2 290 BIMSTEC share in total Indias export 5.15 5.35 0.20 Source: ITC Trade Map (May 2014) Author’s Calculation India’s export to world has increased by 2.4 times during the period 2006 to 2012. During the aforementioned period India’s export to BIMSTEC member countries has increased by 2.5 times. As revealed in Table 1, India’s export to BIMSTEC member countries has increased, excluding Sri Lanka. With respect to the size of the economy, total export of India to BIMSTEC members is reckoned to be rather very low. Though India’s export to BIMSTEC countries has increased by 2.5 times but BIMSTEC percentage share in India’s export has not increased proportionately. During 2006 to 2012 it has increased marginally by 0.20 per cent. Table: 2 Percentage share of BIMSTEC export in 2011 Bangladesh Bhutan India Myanmar Nepal Sri Lanka Thailand BIMSTEC Bangladesh .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Bhutan 0.56 5 0 0.06 0 0 1 India 72.15 91 14 97.46 90 97 55 Myanmar .. .. .. .. .. .. .. Nepal 0.55 1 9 0 0 0 3 Sri Lanka 0.98 0 8 0 0.02 3 3 Thailand 25.75 8 78 86 2.45 10 39 Source: ITC Trade Map (May 2014)Author’s Calculation *(..) Country has not reported to ITC for this year Table 2 shows the country-wise share of intra-BIMSTEC trade as a percentage of their total trade in 2011. Among BIMSTEC member countries, India’s export to Nepal (97.46 per cent) is highest and to Myanmar is lowest (14 per cent) in 2011, as revealed in Table 2. India’s import from BIMTEC member countries is less than 10 per cent, except Thailand (78 per cent). A wider look at the bilateral trade share from the table reveals that India and Thailand are the main destinations of trade for other member countries. Even though the intra-BIMSTEC trade share of these two countries are very low. This shows that large amount of trade potential is unexplored in this region. BCIM covers a total area of 13.7 million sq. km- accounting for 9 per cent of world area, total population of about 2635 million- accounting for 40 per cent of the world population, and a combined GDP of US$ 3485 billion- accounting for 7.3 per cent of the total GDP of the world[4].BCIM is a good platform for a country like India to play a more active role in sub-regional grouping, thereby linking the twin objectives of developing India’s isolated and relatively backward north east region and consolidating Indias role as a significant and purposeful player in Asian regional initiatives. The BCIM initiative has the potential to unlock the vast opportunity for growth and development in the region.After the first inter-governmental meetingin Yunan (China), Bangladesh-China-India-Myanmar Economic Corridor (BCIM-EC) was put on fast track basis.Combining the advantages of the two largest emerging economies of India and China with the rich natural and human resources possessed by Bangladesh and Myanmar, this economic corridor (EC) will enable the member countries to accelerate economic growth and greater access and connectivity with the global market. The BCIM-EC will also enable the member countries to foster closer ties on issues of common interests and develop strategies for regional development. This would lead to better understanding and mutual trust, and promote stability, prosperity and peace for the region. Once this EC is established, it will combine China-ASEAN Free Trade Area[5], ASEAN Free Trade Area and ASEAN-India Free Trade Area[6]. This would result in the creation of the largest FTA in the world and will also contribute to the free flow of goods, services and people thus serving as a gateway for greater cooperation between the Pacific and Indian Ocean.In fact, BCIM-EC is designed to translate advantages ofgeographical proximity, political relations and economic complementarity into strengths of practical cooperation and sustained growth, with the aim of achieving mutual benefit and common development. India’s export to world has increased by 2.4 times during the period 2006 to 2012. During the aforementioned period India’s export to BCIM member countries has increased by 2.1 times. As revealed in Table 3, India’s export to BCIM member countries has increased, excluding China. Though India’s export to BCIM countries has increased by 2.1 times but BCIM percentage share in India’s export has decreased by 0.96 per cent. Table: 3 Share of India’s Export to BCIM (in %) BCIM 2006 2012 Growth Rate (%) China 81.38 72.94 -8.43 Bangladesh 17.33 24.45 7.11 Myanmar 1.29 2.61 1.32 India’s export to BCIM (US$ Billion) 9.6 20.2 Indias export to world (US$ Thousand) 121.2 290 BCIM share in total India’s export 7.94 6.97 -0.96 Source: ITC Trade Map (May 2014)Author’s Calculation Issues and Challenges of BIMSTEC and BCIM China has shown interest in joining the BIMSTEC and some discussions have also taken place on merging the BCIM and BIMSTEC. If this happen, it would be a blow to India, as China is likely to dominate the regional sub-grouping and take away Indias central role. Not only this, the objectives are at a variance, while BIMSTEC aims to create west to east connectivity, the BCIM is about forging North-South connectivity. This could create an atmosphere of geopolitical competitiveness among the two countries. Though India has given a nod for BCIM-EC but it seemsunlikely that it would be realized in an early timeframe in any meaningful manner. The fact of the matter is, theBCIM-EC throws up a lot of security apprehensions for India which might hinder the progress of this initiative. These concerns are borne about insurgency in the North East India and their links with some Chinese elements and also Chinas claim on Arunachal Pradesh. And also the threat of Chinese economic exploitation in the North East India is the basis of Indias hesitation.Unless there is a positive change in the nature of Sino-Indian relations except for hosting some Kolkata to Kunming car rallies and some other peripheral activities the substance in BCIM would remain absent. Substantive issues of BCIM would only receive attention when the geo-politics between both nations move towards a positive resonance. There are some challenges faced by BCIM in the form of tariff and non-tariff barriers, poor trade facilitation measures, lack of custom harmonisation, prevalence of informal tradeandinadequate infrastructure at and beyond the borders resulting in obstacles to cross-border movement of goods.These impediments hike up the cost of doing business in the region, discourage trade-oriented investment and affect the competitiveness of entrepreneurs in the region. These bottlenecks need to be addressed in order to increase intra-regional trade and also strengthen global integration of the region. Energy security is consistently critical for economic development and growth. Energy security of a country is directly related to its economic security. Ensuring energy security remains a discouraging challenge for all the member countries of BIMSTEC. The grouping gives an opportunity to the member countries for joint exploration of untapped energy resources, collaborative investment in energy sector development and cross-border trade and movement in energy sector development within the region.Some member countries like Bangladesh and Myanmar possess large gas reserves and some have untapped potential of hydropower such as Nepal and Bhutan. Whereas, members like India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand are major energy importers. Collaboration among them through joint development could result in better use of energy resources, benefiting both producer and consumer countries. Suggestions and Recommendations In order to boost exports to BIMSTEC and BCIM countries, India should try to identify potential product groups which can be pushed into export market, identify major markets which can absorb a country’s potential products, select the right manufacturing export units which can undertake the responsibility of entering the overseas markets, provide adequate improved infrastructure to exporters, bring tariff rates in line with the international level in order to remove any bias against production for exports, allow exporters to borrow from the international markets if rates of interest are higher in the domestic markets, adopt strategic state intervention to promote exports aggressively and create necessary institutions and organizations which aid and promote exports, create special domestic financial facilities in term lending institutions for export related investment, check the domestic consumption of commodities which have great export potential so as to make surpluses availa ble for exports and to make exporters cost and quality conscious. Tourism is another area of great potential through which the member countries could reap benefits through sub-regional cooperation. Tourism is one of the main focus areas of the BIMSTEC and for India it represents another opportunity to extract mileage for its LEP through cooperation with Myanmar to develop North-East Region (NER) as a tourist destination. NER of India is blessed with exotic flora and fauna, natural scenic beauty, unique performing arts and varied cuisine and handicrafts. Tourism in NER has an untapped business potential. Through the expansion of tourism within the region, the member countries would be able to collect more revenue and investment may therefore be increased. BIMSTEC countries by virtue of their strong traditional expertise have overabundance of products which can command high value in international markets if they adhere to quality standards. Among the member countriesThailand is the only country that has developed a sound marketing strategy for these products. This can be carried out in other member countries as well,like, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka etc. since all of them have a strong handicrafts sector. There is a scope to increase intra-BCIM trade by reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers, improving infrastructure, increasing investment flow and deepening of trade facilitation. Currently, the BCIM countries are utilising only 40 per cent of their trade potentials. This could increase manifold if necessary infrastructure is developed, ensuring more trade and investment flow in higher volume. Therefore, there is a need to create BCIM fund to remove infrastructure deficits and improve connectivity. There is also a need to introduce faster visa processing for higher intra-regional trade. The success of the BCIM initiative relies heavily on the participating country’s ability and willingness to develop a suitable and reliable infrastructure connectivity to facilitate movement of goods and services.In the context of the current state of play, BCIM remains one of the least connected regions in the world.The BCIM members should focus onimproving the state of connectivity within the region, and mobilising therequired resources to build the necessary infrastructure. This must be seen in the context of a long term development strategy which will have greater outreach in enhancing the economic integration in the region. Conclusion It can be concluded with the above discussion that the success of BIMSTEC and BCIM sub-regional groupings will surely contribute to improve the position of India in the current global era and particularly to the progress of North-east region of India as well as its LEP.Definitely these regional groupingswill help to India for making closer link with its proximate and immediate neighbours, to increase economic integration with Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia, to address security concerns of NER and the development of its untouched potential. Stronger bilateral relations between India- BIMSTEC and India-BCIM would be helpful to make Asia as more stable and prosperous region of the world. The proper implementation of these sub-regional groupings would also be helpful to control informal trade between their member countries. References Banik, N. (2007), â€Å"The BIMSTEC FTA and Its Relevance†,Centre for Studies in International Relations and Development (CSIRD), Discussion Paper (DP),36. Bhatia, R. K. (2013), â€Å"BCIM Economic Corridor†, New Delhi, India Haokip, T., â€Å"India’s Look East Policy: Prospects and Challenges for Northeast India†. Hossain, S. M. (2013), â€Å"Impacts of BIMSTEC Free Trade Area: A CGE Analysis†, Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development Vol.4, No.13. Nag, B., De, D. (2007), â€Å"Asian Integration Process and BIMSTEC†, Centre for Studies in International Relations and Development (CSIRD) Discussion Paper (DP), 35. Policy brief, (2004), â€Å"Future Directions of BIMST-EC: Towards A Bay of Bengal Economic Community (BoBEC)†, #12 RIS, India. Rahman, M. (2014), â€Å"BCIM Economic Corridor: An emerging Opportunity†, The Daily Star Pg 52, Col 1-B. Rahman, M. M. (2011), â€Å"Trade and Investment Potential among BCIM Countries: Prospects for a Dynamic Growth Quadrangle†. Rahman, M., Rahman, H., W. B. Shadat (2007), â€Å"BCIM Economic Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges†, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), Bangladesh. Rahman, T. M. M. A. Amin, (2009), â€Å"Prospects of economic cooperation in the Bangladesh,China, India and Myanmar region:A quantitative assessment†, ARTNet. Saxena, S., Bhadauriya, S. (2012), â€Å"India and BIMSTEC: An Analysis of India’s Trade Performance Prospects†, Business Analyst: A Refereed Journal of Shri Ram College of Commerce,33(1), 103-114. Singh, L. S. (2010), â€Å"Northeast India in BIMSTEC: The Myanmarese Factor†. Uberoi, P. â€Å"The BCIM Forum: Retrospect and Prospect† 1 [1]Track-II initiatives are initiatives taken by the non-government section, whereas initiatives taken by the government section are known as Track-I Initiatives [2]Manmohan Singh,PMs Opening Remarks at the Second BIMSTEC Summit, Prime Minister’s Office, Press Information Bureau, Government of India, 13 November 2008, available athttp://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=44790 [3]RIS Policy Briefs #12, â€Å"Future Directions of BIMST-EC: Towards A Bay of Bengal Economic Community (BoBEC)† [4]Rahman, M., Rahman, H., W. B. Shadat (2007), â€Å"BCIM Economic Cooperation: Prospects and Challenges†, Centre for Policy Dialogue (CPD), Bangladesh. [5]The leaders of both China and ASEAN Member (AMS) signed the Framework Agreement on China-ASEAN Comprehensive Economic Cooperation at the sixth China-ASEAN Summit in November 2002. In November 2004, Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao and leaders of AMS witnessed the signing of the Agreement on Trade in Goods of the China-ASEAN FTA which entered into force in July 2005. In January 2007, the two parties signed the Agreement on Trade and Services, which entered into effect in July of the same year. In August 2009, the two parties signed the Agreement on Investment. The establishment of China-ASEAN free trade area enhances the close economic and trade relations between the two parties, and also contributes to the economic development of Asia and the world at large. (http://fta.mofcom.gov.cn/topic/chinaasean.shtml) [6] ASEAN and India signed the framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation at the 2nd ASEAN-India Summit in 2003. The Framework Agreement envisages the establishment of an ASEAN-India Regional Trade and Investment Area (RTIA) as a long term objective.

Disney Imagineers :: essays research papers fc

Broad topic: Disney Imagineers Narrow topic: The Inventions of the Disney Imagineers General purpose: to inform Specific purpose: By the end of the speech, the audience should know who the Disney Imagineers are and three different inventions they have created. Thesis: The Disney Imagineers have invented many things that have changed technology today. I. Introduction A. Imagineer is a term that is not found in the dictionary. It combines the words â€Å"imagination† and â€Å"engineering†. It is the act of learning and succeeding by dreaming and doing. B. The first Imagineers were hand selected by Walt Disney to help design Disneyland and create the other theme parks all over the world. Since then, they have expanded and invented many new products. C. I am only 20 years old, and yet, I have been to Disney World 21 times and have witnessed the work of the Disney Imagineers first hand on various occasions. D. The Disney Imagineers have invented many products that have changed technology today such as specialty hair dryers and robotic human torsos and everything in between. E. I will be touching on three of their inventions: animatronics, fluid projection screen and synchronized parade routes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  F. Transition: One of the first great inventions by the Disney Imagineers were animatronics. II. Animatronics   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A. Disney desired to give life-like movement to 3-D figures. B. They used cams and levers to move the figures C. The cams and levers were not working so well, so they combined this idea with an electric-hydraulic-pneumatic approach. D. They also used magnetic recording tape and solenoid coils that would trigger one another to produce action. E. First audio-animatronics were used in Disneyland. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Enchanted Tiki Room opened on June 23, 1963. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It had a cast of 225 birds, flowers, masks, drummers, and tiki poles. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The birds would click their beaks, swivel around on their perches, and sing and talk to one another. F. Transition: Another invention that was created by the Disney Imagineers was the fluid projection screen. III. Fluid Projection Screen A.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is a fluid screen that is generated by pumping water through a screen nozzle and having an axial flow director and a nozzle insert on it. B.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It creates a screen of water that can be projected upon. C.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If the water is not at the right pressure and the flow is not correct, the screen may have holes in it and then the projection will not be seen on it. D.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The fluid projection screen was first used at Disney’s MGM Studio’s Fantasmic! and The Adventures of the Little Mermaid.

The Rosetta Stone

Over a course of time, these forms of art have been shifted or been ejected from their countries of origin due to colonialism, theft, diplomacy etc. The point of conflict arises when governments claim their artifacts and the host countries refuse to give them back. Major debates and disagreements have aroused over this topic amongst countries. The local party view states that since the art piece Is a part of their origin, they should have complete rights over owning It.The host party that Is on the other hand that is generally wealthier refutes these ideas by citing that these artifacts have now come an integral part of their own culture. The vigorously try to dominate these artifacts and their possession, by doing whatever they can. Legal cases for these countries have a â€Å"finders, keepers† theory. Critiques and experts have voiced out their opinions regarding this concern that has revolved the historic museums or countries all over. Who gets to decide where the artifact stays? What factors decide the exchange or return of these artifacts?If the country captured these arts, shouldn't they be allowed to keep them? But shouldn't these be restored to where hey generated from? The answers to these questions are still to be discovered, but these issues are continuously trying to be resolved in a fair manner. The priceless and exquisite art of Egypt has been admired since as long as people can remember. Their extraordinary knack for detail and precision was how the techniques and rules for creating art were developed. The Rosetta stone is the most anxiously awaited artifact, whose return is being awaited for by the Egyptians.The true worth of this stone can be understood, after knowing that the Egyptians had en using hieroglyphics for thousands of years. â€Å"Hieroglyphs dominated the landscape of the Egyptian civilization. † said an article on BBC. These were symbols used to represent some form of language, before the alphabets and letters replac ed them. The Rosetta stone was the key to unlock and translate these unfamiliar signs. It has a decree written on the stone which was in three languages including ancient Egyptian, Demotic and Greek.During that time, many Greeks still living in Egypt was unable to read the hieroglyphs and this is what lead to it being written in the third engage to be easily read by everyone. Jean-Franà §ois Champion, a French scholar was the first to realize that the hieroglyphs on this stone recorded the sound of Egyptian language. For many years, deciphering of the stone took place until completion learned Tanat ten twenty Tour snatchers represented ten alphabet. I n Napoleon army was the one to dig up the Rosetta stone in 1799.Since him and his army were defeated by the British, the stone and many other antiquities became England's property. These were put on display at the British Museum from 1802. There was a brief period where the English â€Å"guarded† the stone, to ensure its safety during the First World War. This stone broke through barriers and gave way to language being born. Because of this creation, we can make sense of the world around us with easily understood letters rather than pictures. The Rosetta stone marks the Egyptian culture and its contribution towards the rest of the world.The first request to restore the stone back was placed only in July 2003 by Aziza Haws, the chief of Egypt Supreme Council of Antiquities. As this stone is a part of the ‘cultural heritage', Mr.. Haws said â€Å"If the British want to be remembered, if they want to restore their reputation, they should volunteer to return the Rosetta Stone because it is the icon of our Egyptian identity†. Further accusations that have been made by the Egyptians is that the stone is not given the spotlight it needs at the museum in England, somehow making it seem inferior.When asked about the facilities that Cairo can provide, Dry. Haws said that the main museum there will be à ¢â‚¬Ëœone of the best in the world'. He has a long list of items that he thinks should return back to Egypt. The reason why the British Museum is hesitant is because they feel that Egypt is not capable enough to maintain the stone's true value. Being the opponent, it is attempting to underplay Egypt every chance to get the Rosetta stone back. The British Museum is one of the strongest in terms of historic relevance and displays.It is only natural that they are threatened by this request of the stone being back to Cairo, as it poses to be a problem for the museum to lose its tourists. It has remained to be one of the most visited attractions in the I-J three years in a row (The Review). Furthermore, their response is that these artifacts that are showcased do not necessarily have to be in the country of their birth in this new era of multi-cultures. They further go on to state that the museums do not serve to Just one group of citizens but to the mass-population.An article named â₠¬ËœDo Ancient Treasures Belong to Egypt? Contains views of various youngsters. Their reason for keeping the Rosetta stone in London is that those who do not have the opportunity to travel all the way, can Just explore and learn more about Egypt culture by visiting this museum. Another youngster reasons for the other side and explains how stealing is wrong, and things should be returned to whoever they belong to originally, especially those with such importance to Egypt and its economy.A rational outlook to the entire situation is that the host country should only own the artifact, in this case the Rosetta stone, if it can look after it in a more orderly fashion compared to Egypt. A neutral regulatory body can keep checks or conduct studies on whether the stone is better off kept in Egypt or in England, and external factors such s political influences, availability of capital and the required audience should be checked. England should not use their advantage at disposal, and Egypt sh ould prove that they are capable enough to get back their belongings.As mentioned above, these artifacts are what draw the people to come to museums and get more educated. The government's Job in any country would be to carefully weigh the positives from the negatives. Another fear that England has is that if it agrees to return ten Rosetta stone, ten toner countries around ten world will mean t artifacts back as well, minimizing the British Museum's merit. Lengthy legal procedures and continuous research into the matter need to take place to ensure that the most valid decision for the stone is taking place.

American society Essay

Childcare and early childcare education must be a priority for parents. It can be the difference between success and failure in American society. High quality early childhood education prepare children to succeed and become better citizens, they make higher wages, pay more taxes, and commit fewer crimes. Early education strengthens the foundations of lifelong learning of all children and supporting the educational and social needs for family. Researchers indicate that children who participate in early education programs make significant short-term and long-term gains in cognitive development. Consistency in preschool can impact a child’s cognitive development preschools that provide a curriculum allows children to develop cognitive skills. The curricula build on the Childs existing skills and allow them to acquire new skills. Make believe is also another impact on cognitive and social skills. The preschooler who spend more time in sociodramatic play are seen as more socially competent by their teachers (Connolly & Doyle, 1984). Many studies reveal that make believe strengthens a wide variety of mental abilities, including sustained attention, memory, logical reasoning,  language and literacy, imagination, creativity, and the ability to reflect on ones own thinking, behavior, and take another’s perspective (Bergen & Mauer, 2000; Berk. Mann, & Organ, 2006; Elisa & Berk, 2002; Hirsh-Psek et al. , 2009; Lindsey & Colwell, 2003; Organ & Berk, 2009; Ruff & Capozzoli, 2003). Having the child in the same preschool throughout the year allows them to develop relationship with adults and children, which provide a sense of security. A child that is Benefits of Early Childhood Education 3 comfortable with the willing to learn and participate in learning opportunities. Preschoolers gain  in emotional understanding. Preschooler who spend more time engaged in sociodramatics play are better at taking personal responsibilities for following classroom rules and at regulating emotions ( Berk, Mann, & Organ 2006; Lemche et al. 2003). Parents who take responsibilities to make sure their kids are in a quality childcare/preschool reap the benefits in the long run. Children start learning at an early age, and when they feel confident around the people they are around the more comfortable they will be at enhancing their education. Early education affects: social, physical, intellectual, creative and emotional  developments. A child who starts early education has the benefits of completing high school, having above average test scores and positive attitudes towards school among children and parents. Early education seems like a winner to me. Benefits of Early Childhood Education 4 References Berk, L. E. (2002) Tnfants and children: Prenatal through middlehood (7th ed. ). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. ISBN:9780205831913 Retrieved August 1, 2014, from http://www. kueducation. com/early-chldhood/benefits-early- childhood-education Retrieved August 1, 2014, from http://www. Nowforlater. org/files/2013/03/The- Facts. pdf.   

HRM531 week1 discussion waldo Essay

HRM531 week1 discussion waldo Essay HRM531 week1 discussion waldo Essay Week One Discussion Theresa Waldo v. Consumers Energy Company HRM 531 Top of Form Theresa Waldo v. Consumers Energy Company Directions: Use the information you learned about the court case you selected and share an overview the case. Share your observations and insights based on your review of the chapter readings this week, additional research, and classmate contributions. Include the employment law represented in the court case and based on your research share ideas and recommendations other organizations should consider implementing in their organizations to avoid this type of law suit. Theresa Waldo v. Consumers Energy Company The court case was about Waldo, a female worker in a large utility company and she was the only female utility worker there. She appealed ruling for the first trail that she filed Title VII action against her employer. Many factors created a hostile environment for her including coworkers were calling her names; excluded for safety training, employer did not provide toilet facilities; and supervisor was verbally abusive. She was kicked out of the apprenticeship program, transferred to another department with four dollars less in hourly pay, and had to restart the apprenticeship program again. District court ruled in first trail that insufficient evidence to prove the harassment was severe. However, with the appeal court, jury found in her favor that under Title VII, which did not have to prove that the harassment unreasonably interfered with work performance. "Title VII of the Civil Right Act of 1964 is most important federal EEO law and it contains the broadest coverage, prohibitions, and remedies". The law was passed to guarantee that people would be considered for jobs not on the basis of their color of skin, religion, gender or national origin. Employer should establish anti-discrimination guideline for employees and should discipline the one who violating it. Employer should alert employees that any forms of discrimination are not tolerated. In situation of this case of Waldo, Consumers Energy Company should have disciplined those who called her names which was verbally abusive. The company should also have included her for safety training for equal opportunities. The company should only have considered her job on the basis of the abilities and talents that were necessary to perform the job. The company should have guided employees not to discriminate base on genders and races. the company should have treated everyone equally regardless his or her sexual orientation. Per Kramer Z. (July 2009), discriminating homosexual was considered sexual harassment. The company should also have provided discrimination and sexual harassment training to every employee and supervisor. By giving employee proper guideline and training s, the company should have prevented unnecessary law suits and legal battles. References: Kramer, Z. July 2009. Northwestern University Law Review, ISSN 0029-3571, 01/2009, Volume 103, Issue 1, p. 205. Retrieve from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/233345426?pq-origsite=summon Cascio 9edBookshelf. Web.12 June 2013 http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781121903814/page/99 Theresa Waldo v. Consumers Energy Company: Summary: In this case, the plaintiff Theresa Waldo formerly employed at Consumers Energy Company alleged that "she was subjected routinely to sexual harassment. Waldo's coworkers displayed sexually explicit materials in the workplace, locked her in a porta-potty, demanded that she "pee like a man" and clean up her male coworkers' tobacco spit, ridiculed her for bringing a purse to work, ostracized and ignored her on job sites and in training sessions, and referred to her using gender specific demeaning language" (U.S. COURTS OF APPEALS, 2013). Employment Law: Based on her Title VII hostile-work-environment claim, the jury found in favor of Waldo during a second trial in 2010, and the district court

6 Steps of the Scientific Method

6 Steps of the Scientific Method The scientific method is a systematic way of learning about the world around us and answering questions. The key difference between the scientific method and other ways of acquiring knowledge are forming a hypothesis and then testing it with an experiment. The Six Steps The number of steps can vary from one description to another (which mainly happens when data and analysis are separated into separate steps), however, this is a fairly standard list of the six  scientific method steps that you are expected to know for any science class: Purpose/QuestionAsk a question.ResearchConduct background research. Write down your sources so you can cite your references. In the modern era, a lot of your research may be conducted online. Scroll to the bottom of articles to check the references. Even if you cant access the full text of a published article, you can usually view the abstract to see the summary of other experiments. Interview experts on a topic. The more you know about a subject, the easier it will be to conduct your investigation.HypothesisPropose a hypothesis. This is a sort of educated guess about what you expect. It is a statement used to predict the outcome of an experiment. Usually, a hypothesis is written in terms of cause and effect. Alternatively, it may describe the relationship between two phenomena. One type of hypothesis is the null hypothesis or the no-difference hypothesis. This is an easy type of hypothesis to test because it assumes changing a variable will have no effect on the outcome. In reality, you probably expect a change but rejecting a hypothesis may be more useful than accepting one. ExperimentDesign and perform an experiment to test your hypothesis. An experiment has an independent and dependent variable. You change or control the independent variable and record the effect it has on the dependent variable. Its important to change only one variable for an experiment rather than try to combine the effects of variables in an experiment. For example, if you want to test the effects of light intensity and fertilizer concentration on the growth rate of a plant, youre really looking at two separate experiments.Data/AnalysisRecord observations and analyze the meaning of the data. Often, youll prepare a table or graph of the data. Dont throw out data points you think are bad or that dont support your predictions. Some of the most incredible discoveries in science were made because the data looked wrong! Once you have the data, you may need to perform a mathematical analysis to support or refute your hypothesis.ConclusionConclude whether to accept or reject your hypothesi s. There is no right or wrong outcome to an experiment, so either result is fine. Note accepting a hypothesis does not necessarily mean its correct! Sometimes repeating an experiment may give a different result. In other cases, a hypothesis may predict an outcome, yet you might draw an incorrect conclusion. Communicate your results. The results may be compiled into a lab report or formally submitted as a paper. Whether you accept or reject the hypothesis, you likely learned something about the subject and may wish to revise the original hypothesis or form a new one for a future experiment. When Are There Seven Steps? Sometimes the scientific method is taught with seven steps instead of six. In this model, the first step of the scientific method is to make observations. Really, even if you dont make observations formally, you think about prior experiences with a subject in order to ask a question or solve a problem. Formal observations are a type of brainstorming that can help you find an idea and form a hypothesis. Observe your subject and record everything about it. Include colors, timing, sounds, temperatures, changes, behavior, and anything that strikes you as interesting or significant. Variables When you design an experiment, you are controlling and measuring variables. There are three types of variables: Controlled Variables:  You can have as many  controlled variables  as you like. These are parts of the experiment that you try to keep constant throughout an experiment so that they wont interfere with your test. Writing down controlled variables is a good idea because it helps make your experiment  reproducible, which is important in science! If you have trouble duplicating results from one experiment to another, there may be a controlled variable that you missed.Independent Variable:  This is the variable you control.Dependent Variable:  This is the variable you measure. It is called the  dependent variable  because it  depends  on the independent variable.

U.S. States Named After Kings and Queens

U.S. States Named After Kings and Queens Seven of the  U.S. states are named after sovereigns  - four are named for kings and three are named for queens. These include some of the oldest colonies and territories in what is now the United States and the royal names paid tribute to the rulers of either France and England. The list of states includes Georgia, Louisiana, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia. Can you guess which kings and queens inspired each name? The 'Carolinas' Have British Royalty Roots North and South Carolina have a long and complicated history. Two of the 13 original colonies, they began as a single colony  but were divided shortly after because it was too much land to govern. The name Carolina  is often attributed as an honor of King Charles I of England (1625-1649), yet that is not entirely true.   What is fact is that  Charles is Carolus in Latin and that inspired Carolina. However, the French explorer, Jean Ribault first called the region Carolina when he tried colonizing Florida in the 1560s. During that time, he established an outpost known as Charlesfort in what is now South Carolina. The French King at the time? Charles IX who was crowned in 1560. When the British colonists established their settlements in the Carolinas, it was shortly after the 1649  execution of  King Charles I of England and they retained the name in his honor. When his son took over the crown in 1661, the colonies were also an honor to his rule. In a way, the Carolinas pay tribute to all three King Charles. 'Georgia' Was Inspired by a British King Georgia was one of the original 13 colonies that became the United States. It was the last colony established and it became official in 1732, just five years after King George II was crowned King of England. The name  Georgia  was clearly inspired by the new king. The suffix -ia  was used often by the colonizing nations when naming new lands in honor of important people. King George II did not live long enough to see his namesake become a state. He died in 1760 and was succeeded by his grandson, King George III, who reigned during the American Revolutionary War. 'Louisiana' Has French Origins In 1671, French explorers claimed a large portion of central North America for France. They named the area in honor of King Louis XIV, who reigned from 1643 until his death in 1715. The name  Louisiana  begins with a clear reference to the king. The suffix  -iana  is often used to refer to a collection of objects in regards to the collector. Therefore, we can loosely associate  Louisiana  as a collection of lands owned by King Louis XIV. This territory became known as the Louisiana Territory and was purchased by Thomas Jefferson in 1803. In total, the Louisiana Purchase was for 828,000 square miles between the Mississippi River and the  Rocky Mountains. The state of Louisiana formed the southern border and became a state in 1812. 'Maryland' Was Named After a British Queen Maryland also has an association with King Charles I yet, in this case, it was named for his wife.   George Calvert was granted a charter in 1632 for a region east of the Potomac. The first settlement was St. Marys and the territory was named Maryland. All of this was in honor of Henrietta Maria, queen consort of Charles I of England and daughter of King Henry IV of France. The 'Virginias' Were Named for a Virgin Queen Virginia (and subsequently West Virginia) was settled by Sir Walter Raleigh in 1584. He named this new land after the English monarch of the time, Queen Elizabeth I. But how did he get Virginia  out of Elizabeth? Elizabeth I was crowned in 1559 and died in 1603. During her 44 years as queen, she  never married and she earned the nickname of the Virgin Queen. That is how the Virginias got their name, but whether the monarch was true in her virginity is a matter of much debate and speculation.

Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Business Ethics - Essay Example People also differ on how businesses should approach diversity efforts. Some say that firms should manage diversity for legal compliance, while others assert for greater proactive initiatives (Eagley and Carli 110; Sandel 169). I believe that businesses should go beyond following laws that prohibit discrimination, and instead, they should exceed the requirements of the law and actively encourage diversity as the new ethical business strategy, because promoting diversity is a â€Å"common good† and provides multiple benefits for concerned stakeholders. Businesses have a moral obligation to promote diversity as a common good. Firms understandably aim to reduce costs and maximize profits, because those are some of the obvious purposes of having a business. Companies aim to turn profits, so that they can grow either locally or internationally and improve shareholder wealth. However, past and present experiences have shown that these goals should not be the only aims of businesses, because they should also be held accountable for the social, economic, environmental, cultural, and political consequences of their actions. They should be aware that the Machiavellian principle is not always ethical; not all means justify the end. For instance, it is not right to prefer promoting male candidates, because of the belied that women are often divided between family and work roles and responsibilities, and so they may be less reliable than men. It is not also right to hire female workers and pay them less than male counterparts, so that the company can save money. Companies should also be responsible for promoting and contributing to the â€Å"common good† and they can do this through seeing diversity as an ethical business strategy for their good and the good of society. The common good represents what is good for the society in general and not only for individuals. In Chapter 7, Sandel argues for affirmative action. He stresses that affirmative action can serv e the common good, because it corrects the testing gap, balances the wrongs of the past, and supports diversity (169). There is evidence that standardized tests are possibly biased. The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) and other standardized tests are disputed for not being able to accurately predict academic and professional success, as well as measure different forms of intelligence (Sandel 169). Martin Luther King, Jr. had mediocre scores on the Graduate Record Exam (GRE) and even scored below average in verbal aptitude (Sandel 169). Studies also show that African Americans and Hispanics generally score lower than white students in standardized tests and scholars argue that test scores should also be properly interpreted in the context of the students’ social, family, cultural, and educational conditions (Sandel 169). In the same way, firms should also promote diversity, because standardized HR practices and measures are not always fair to minorities. In â€Å"Women and the Labyrinth of Leadership,† Eagley and Carli describe the labyrinth of challenges for women in and vying for leadership positions. They reveal that only 6% of the top positions in corporations on the Fortune 500 list belong to women with only 2% holding the position of CEO (Eagley and Carli 105). They argue that the main causes of gender gap in leadership positions are not the â€Å"glass ceilings,† but because organizations have created a â€Å"labyrinth† for female employees. Firms can address this by changing norms, values, and

E-commerce Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

E-commerce - Essay Example It is also based on the premise that competition is relentless and people are the most important raw materials (Morrison Institute). Today the internet is aggressively used as a channel for businesses both new and established ones; through entrepreneurial start-ups and corporate ventures. E-commerce firms are defined as those that derive a significant or rapidly growing proportion of their revenues from transactions over the internet but organizational and market phenomena have been just as influential as technology developments in the growth of e-commerce (Stace, Holtham & Courtney, 2001). Internet exchanges are beneficial not just for the customers or end users but it helps businesses to exchange and grow together. It is a platform to transact business, known as business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C) and customer-to-customer (C2C) and has definite advantages over the traditional way of transacting business (Amit & Zott, 2000). Many firms have failed to harness the benefits of online business even though the retail segment has picked up rapidly in the last few years. The debate continues whether ecommerce complements fixed store retailing or replaces existing channels, namely the clicks and bricks channels. E-retailing has been constantly undergoing a process of innovation which has caused a threat to the established retail and distribution channels. This new form of commerce is laden with information and enables companies to speed up activities and increase their scope. The external and internal factors influence the firm’s behavior and companies can differentially obtain advantage depending upon their ability to conduct business (Burt & Sparks, 2003). A failure to operate would allow competitors to surge ahead. E-commerce can help to transform the traditional tasks and activities and the associated costs within the retain channel. The activities that are affected are the sourcing of products, stoc kholding, inventory

Internationl student life at minnesota stat university Essay

Internationl student life at minnesota stat university - Essay Example The most common is the use of the English language. Although some may understand the language well, the problem is presented when one is required to express his/her own ideas. This is strongly defended by the first interviewee, Bdr, a friend from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Bdr says that coping in a new environment is made more difficult because of the language barrier that exists between him and his professors and classmates. â€Å"Some Americans speak too fast, I cannot understand all that is being said and oftentimes, they use words that are not familiar with me†, Bdr said. He adds that this is a real problem to him because in school, class discussions are required. Since grades are highly important to him, he wants to be involved in class discussions but the fear of making no sense at all prevents him from talking. He also fears that his classmates might make fun of how he talks, how limited his vocabulary is and how he constructs his sentences. Although he has been a con fident student in his own country, his confidence failed him in a new world where he needs to speak a language not his own. Nevertheless, he still has to survive so despite the difficulties, he is trying to learn the language by talking to native speakers on a daily basis. Essa, a second year Aviation Management student who is also from KSA is not a stranger to such dilemma. Even on his second year with the school, he is still finding it difficult to fully adapt to the American education. He says that, â€Å"There are so many activities that really require participation like critical class discussions. Speaking is already a problem and trying to react critically in class makes the task even harder because one has to meditate on the meanings of what is being discussed. Moreover, a lot of reading is also needed because instructors encourage students to get diverse ideas from different authors and other sources. Then there are the written requirements like take home exams, reaction pa pers and essays. However, Essa does not consider this too much of a burden but looks to the brighter side saying the requirements are all necessary because they help students improve their vocabulary and use of the English language. Personally, the challenges I am facing as an international student are not at all different from the experiences of Bdr and Essa. I have difficulty expressing myself in English, too. I am not fluent in English which is the medium of instruction. My sentence constructions are faulty and my vocabulary is limited. In United Arab Emirates, most of the talking is done by the teachers so that participating in class discussions is really a challenge for me and if there were any interaction among students, we used our native tongue. Although we learned English in our country, it is undeniable that the experience is entirely different from what we have in America. Therefore, I strive hard to improve my oral communication skills by imitating native speakers and pr acticing at home. In addition, written communication presents similar problems. The many books required of us to read are already a great task and it even demands more time from me because oftentimes, I have to read slowly in order to understand the texts. Sometimes, I also have to read three or more times before I grasp the subject matter. Written requirements add to the difficulties. Although the activity spares me from expressing my thoughts extemporaneously, writing sentences with the use of a second language is still

Cuture deferences and debates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cuture deferences and debates - Essay Example Focusing on the negative effects of social media to society, there is the issue of formation of groups in websites such as facebook where people motivate each other to carry out certain activities that affect the society negatively. This is from the fact that these negative ideas are spread from one person to another through the sites and affect the society in a poor manner. Social networking also affects the society through the fact that these sites provide a place where people can meet and talk without necessarily visiting the other person. This has generated a character of laziness in this generation and thus young people do not even go out to look for employment opportunities to improve their living standards that would generally affect the society positively (Wit 43). This is from the fact that with a stable means of income, the rates of theft and armed robbery in the society goes down. Another major impact that social networking has had on society is through young children. In the contemporary world, it is quite normal to find a very young kid demonstrating his prowess in using the internet. If the parents do not show these kids appropriate values from a young age, they end up following all the activities that they see on the internet (Carr 142). A great example is a situation where a young person decides to go through tattooing of the entire body. Having tattoos is not a negative concept as long as the age is appropriate. However, having a young kid learn this from the internet may lead to him stealing from his mother or even other society members in an effort to get the money to go get a tattoo. Social networking through dating sites has also led to the end of marriages where spouses are caught cheating on each other through messages and other related means. This has affected the society negatively and without the appropriate action, the situation might escalate in the future. Despite the

Analysis of Globalization and Transnational Processes Literature review

Analysis of Globalization and Transnational Processes - Literature review Example Apart from the highly debatable claims about the diminished role f states, there are additional issues that theories f globalization face. For the focus on how globalization negates the very concept a center and periphery by generating diasporic public spaces tend to lead to an undertheorizing f the differentiated peripheries, which have disparate relationships with the various centers. This is an undertheorizing f the centers which, United States hegemony not-withstanding, are composed f a number f complexly hierarchized and contending entities, for example, in Scottish--English--Welsh relationships. It is, as well, an undertheorizing f the peripheries which also have complex hierarchical inter-ethnic, cultural, and sometimes racial inter-relationships, first fall within their own borders, then between themselves as peripheries, and, finally, with the various centers. In other words, in theorizing the undoubtedly new phenomenon f globalization, it is critical not to lose sight f the specifics f this process. There are complex and dynamic patterns f racial, ethnic, cultural, class, and social hierarchies that are being generated within particular societies and on a global scale. Sometimes these generate new hierarchical spaces, but often they reinforce old hegemonies within and between nations, without necessarily undermining the power f nation-states as such. Thus I have pointed out that globalization, as it restructures societies internally, simultaneously establishes and reinforces international hierarchy f races, ethnicities, cultures, and nations. Broadly speaking, this hierarchy is based on an international ranking according to political, economic, and cultural prestige and power. This is measured, for example, by such standard economic criteria as per capita gross national product rates f technical innovativeness, and the obvious consequences that economic and technical dominance has for global military dominance. This global racial-cultural hierarchy places Anglo-American culture at the apex and Sub-Saharan African culture at the base. Hegemony is exercised, the first fall, within the complex racial and cultural hierarchies internal to the United States and Europe, and through this route, extends itself globally. Latin, Slavic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hindu, and other cultures (usually with their own complex and dynamic internal cultural, social, economic, and political hierarchies) jostle to occupy intermediate positions between the two extremes.  Ã‚  

LION KING film analysis of the leadership issues in the film Essay

LION KING film analysis of the leadership issues in the film - Essay Example The question is, what are those qualities that make a strong leader? Why is it that some leaders are loved and respected by their followers forever while others fail to maintain the faith from their followers? The answer lies in their leadership styles. The movie â€Å"The Lion King†, is an excellent example of different leadership styles (1994). Through the characters of Mufasa, Scar and Simba, the movie has clearly and distinctly described the qualities that make a strong and a weak leader. Leadership can be defined as â€Å"an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes that reflect their mutual purpose.† (Rost 1991). This definition shows that a relationship is developed between a leader and the followers only when they have a common goal to achieve (Rost 104). A relationship cannot be developed if the goals of the leader and the followers differ. In the movie ‘The lion king’, Mufasa is able to gain respect and love from his followers because he is able to understand their needs and works towards the fulfillment of those needs harmoniously. Mufasa displays a transformational leadership style through the quality of the relationship that he develops with his followers. A strong leader is the one who is able to form a relationship with his followers not on the basis of expectations but on the basis of trust and understanding. Transformational leaders take effort in nurturing the sense of self worth in the followers and boosting their self-esteem (Bass 1998). When the followers realise that their individual qualities are being recognised and nurtured by their leader, they feel that their individual needs are being taken care of. They feel enthusiastic and energetic under the guidance of such leader and hence, commit themselves to the achievement of goal in a genuine way. They are willing to give their best in an effort to reach their purpose (Bass 1998). In the movie ‘The lion king’, Mufasa

Analysis of Globalization and Transnational Processes Literature review

Analysis of Globalization and Transnational Processes - Literature review Example Apart from the highly debatable claims about the diminished role f states, there are additional issues that theories f globalization face. For the focus on how globalization negates the very concept a center and periphery by generating diasporic public spaces tend to lead to an undertheorizing f the differentiated peripheries, which have disparate relationships with the various centers. This is an undertheorizing f the centers which, United States hegemony not-withstanding, are composed f a number f complexly hierarchized and contending entities, for example, in Scottish--English--Welsh relationships. It is, as well, an undertheorizing f the peripheries which also have complex hierarchical inter-ethnic, cultural, and sometimes racial inter-relationships, first fall within their own borders, then between themselves as peripheries, and, finally, with the various centers. In other words, in theorizing the undoubtedly new phenomenon f globalization, it is critical not to lose sight f the specifics f this process. There are complex and dynamic patterns f racial, ethnic, cultural, class, and social hierarchies that are being generated within particular societies and on a global scale. Sometimes these generate new hierarchical spaces, but often they reinforce old hegemonies within and between nations, without necessarily undermining the power f nation-states as such. Thus I have pointed out that globalization, as it restructures societies internally, simultaneously establishes and reinforces international hierarchy f races, ethnicities, cultures, and nations. Broadly speaking, this hierarchy is based on an international ranking according to political, economic, and cultural prestige and power. This is measured, for example, by such standard economic criteria as per capita gross national product rates f technical innovativeness, and the obvious consequences that economic and technical dominance has for global military dominance. This global racial-cultural hierarchy places Anglo-American culture at the apex and Sub-Saharan African culture at the base. Hegemony is exercised, the first fall, within the complex racial and cultural hierarchies internal to the United States and Europe, and through this route, extends itself globally. Latin, Slavic, Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Hindu, and other cultures (usually with their own complex and dynamic internal cultural, social, economic, and political hierarchies) jostle to occupy intermediate positions between the two extremes.  Ã‚  

Philosophy Of Education Paper Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Of Education Paper Essay As with any successful profession, there must be a strong foundation on which  to build upon. This foundation in the field of education is your personal philosophy of education. Successful teaching includes diversity of every student’s backgrounds, and levels of ability. Without losing sight of goals, my beliefs of teaching and learning are very specific. First, I believe every child deserves to receive an education. No matter their race or income, every child deserves to learn. The are innocent beings, and these children are going to be our future someday. More specifically, the philosophy that I would teach to my students would be Cultural Nationalism. â€Å"The cultural nationalist teacher focuses exclusively on the experience of the oppressed group as the center or pivot of the curriculum† (Asante, p. 4). I want to use what is going on in the world and focus on their cultural experience. This allows children from oppressed groups to feel nurtured in their school environment day by day. Another philosophy that I have is, I believe a teacher should make learning fun for his/her students. When children are having fun at school, It makes them want to come back and keep coming back. Regular curriculum can get pretty boring. Making the curriculum fun engages the students into learning, and helps them understand it better. Also, I believe in staying involved with professional development so we can continuously learn new things. It is important to me to keep using updated technology  in classrooms. â€Å"Matthew Arnold warned that faith in machinery was humankind’s greatest menace† (Postman, p. 36). I do not believe in what  Arnold stated. I think that new technology in the classrooms is constantly helping teachers and the whole education process. Next, I believe in striving to have positive relationships with students and parents. It is very important to have somewhat of a personal relationship with your students and their parents. It really shows that you care as a teacher. Developing positive relationships with your students allows you to understand them more. This allows you to figure out the best way to teach each and everyone of your students. There are times when we encounter students that require a little more effort than others. When we are faced with this type of situation teacher must reflect on the true meaning of teaching. This will enable the teacher to embrace the difference in the learning styles of students and allow the teacher to develop innovative strategies for reaching such a diverse population. Teachers should give all students the chance to let their creative juices flow. With a little nudge and some encouragement there is no end to what a student can do. Teachers must realize that the impact that we have on our students last a lifetime. I can always remember being told knowledge is power. This statement has been true for decades and surely will be true in the future.

Review and Analysis Of The Movie The Blind Side

Review and Analysis Of The Movie The Blind Side John Lee Hancocks film entitled The Blind Side describes the struggle of a Black man to become part of the White society. Michael Oher, the main character in the story shows the audience how a black man experiences mistreatment and discrimination from his white community which is the common trend of American mainstream. However, the film also wants to deconstruct the traditional perceptions towards White Americans through the Tuohy family. In this movie, the director shows how White Americans like the Tuohy family accept Michael for who he is and what he wants to be. The Tuohys become Michaels enduring power, armor, and salvation as he faces his new path of transformation, social acceptance, and immersion. From this sense, it can be perceived that Hancocks film depicts the notion of popular culture as it emphasizes the different issues of the society such as race, racism, cultural differences, cultural interaction, and other ideas about culture and society. The films goal is to show how Michael is being accepted in a social norm through his new found family. For many years, Michael has lived with different foster families, but ends up leaving them. He feels that he does not fit because of the different family situations, status, and lifestyle. However, Michael is not just a common individual, he has a unique character that leads him to popularity. In the beginning of his life with the Tuohys, he detaches himself from them. This is primarily because of the fact that he is a Black American while the Tuohys are White. Throughout the discussion of Michaels life, the film is presented with minimal flashbacks-only if there is a need, such as the depiction of Michaels mother and other important details that help establish the main characters personality. The film tries to express the situation that happens when a Black American becomes part of a White American family. The conflict of the story is, Will Michael fit into his new found home? Having an extreme difference in terms of race, lifestyle, social background, and social status, the two races are combined together under one roof to describe the possible repulsion that might occur as well as the attraction that can happen between them. However, it is not only this internal repulsion or attraction that is presented as a conflict of the film, but also the people within the Tuohys social surroundings. Since Leigh Anne and Sean are influential individuals because of their profession, people around them think that adopting Michael taints their good reputation. This is one of the major struggles of the Tuohy family along with Michael, but they stand up against their foes and prove to these people that Michael is more civilized than those who continue to criticize him. The concept of popular culture emerges in this film in three distinct themes: racism within the football team, the lifestyle of the socialites, and when an upcoming superstar is made, people keep an eye on this individual. According to John Storey (2009), race and racism are not natural or inevitable phenomena; they have a history and are a result of human actions and interactions (pg. 168). Logically, racism occurs in television, radio, movies, and other types of media. Most of the time, these industries use racism as a form of stereotyping. That is why common people utilize these ideals, they think that it is accepted in the society. This is what happened to Michael. He faces discrimination inside his own classroom. Even his teacher demonstrates the differences of how a White teacher interacts with a Black student like him. It is a form of stereotype that the media continues to express towards its audience. Another example of popular culture that exists in this film is the lifestyle of the socialites. For example, Leigh Annes lifestyle is totally extravagant. She can wear any clothes she wants. She can eat at any restaurant because she can afford it. This is a form of popular culture because it is how a rich woman is perceived in television or movies. Her lifestyle is similar with Carrie Bradshaw in Sex in the City. They are both perceived as extravagant women who can achieve everything they want-because they have money. Both characters share the same culture. Storey (2009) explains that the social definition of culture- culture as a particular way of life, culture as expression of a particular way of life, and cultural analysis as a method of reconstituting a particular way of life helps us to establish an understanding of the shared values of a group or class of people (p. 45). This is a common depiction of a rich woman in every movie. A rich woman is not perceived as a sad and unhapp y individual when it comes to her personal satisfaction. She is described as a flawless and sophisticated character that has special powers when it comes to her personal needs and luxuries. The last example of popular culture in this film is when Michael begins his football career. When the football coach, Burt Cotton sees Michaels potential, he accepts the main character as a student of Wingate Christian School. This is also the beginning of Michaels popularity. People, even the coaches and owners of different universities, want Michael to become part of their school. That is why despite Michaels academic records and race, they are interested in him. This scenario is common in American culture and it is common in Western culture to portray such situations in television and movies. People begin to keep their eyes on Michaels actions and achievements because he becomes popular and he soon becomes part of their lifestyle. When Michael becomes popular, people suddenly start to observe and scrutinize his actions. Michael needs to prove that he is worthy to become a student of Ole Miss. Everyone starts to take an interest in his academic transformation because he needs to have a 2.50 GPA to be able to get the NCAA Division I scholarship. Some people are trying to scrutinize him, like the interviewer of Ole Miss. This interview is done to prove that his decision to attend Ole Miss is based on his personal judgments and ideologies and not by the Tuohys simply because they are alumni and members of the boosters for the university. It only proves that because of his popularity, he experiences scrutiny and sometimes immoral judgment from other people-which is part of society. Culture plays an important role in establishing the character of a person. People have different culture, but through cultural relativism, they become connected. According to Storey (2009), cultural relativism is the acceptance and appreciation of cultures or ways of living different from your own; not judging a culture but trying to understand it on its own terms. The Tuohys accept and appreciate Michaels culture-despite the fact that his social and family background seems unacceptable because it contains negativities. As these individuals share their thoughts and identities, they become related to one another-and soon become part of each others lives. There are a set of laws in the society that people can not change. This is called norm or the rules of society based on their values; standards of behavior governing specific social situations that are established by societys values (Storey, 2009). The Tuohys society or community has specific sets of moral values. They believe that Black Americans are unacceptable within their community or surroundings because they are the root of negativities. This is also an example of high culture being looked at as a superior culture. The Tuohys do not change this norm, but they create their own values by accepting Michael and believe in him and his capabilities as a person. A persons ideology makes the culture more sophisticated. According to Storey (2009), Ideology differs from culture, in that it adds a political dimension to the discussion on culture. It suggests that relations of power and politics shape the cultural and ideological landscape. The Tuohys ideology is different from the standard culture of the society, but because they are part of their community, they have to express their ideology. It is hard in the beginning to show their different point of view, but they win the battle against their foes because Michael shows that he is different from the stereotypic character of a Black American.

uss indianapolis :: essays research papers

USS Indianapolis The USS Indianapolis (CA-35) was commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 15 November 1932. The ship served with honor from Pearl Harbor through the last campaign of World War II, sinking in action two weeks before the end of the war. On 30 July 1945, while sailing from Guam to Leyte, Indianapolis was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-58. The ship capsized and sank in twelve minutes. Survivors were spotted by a patrol aircraft on 2 August. All air and surface units capable of rescue operations were dispatched to the scene at once, and the surrounding waters were thoroughly searched for survivors. Upon completion of the day and night search on 8 August, 316 men were rescued out of the crew of 1,199. We believe we were hit by two torpedoes, one around frame 8 or 10, because the bow was blown off forward around ten. Another one [torpedo] around frame fifty. We believe that they were large torpedoes, that they were running close to the surface, because none of us believe the magazines blew up, that is the only way we can account for the flashes of flame through the ship. He was able to aft on the starboard side, although badly injured, he didn't get to the main engine room, No. 2 engine room, where he found No. 2 engine had lost vacuum and that was shut down. He did talk to somebody in No. 1 engine room. They told him that apparently the main steamline going through the port side of the forward engine room had been knocked loose. They had no steam and asked for instructions. All power all lights were lost forward. The fact that the [torpedo] hits were there, at least we think they were up forward, are borne out by the fact we have almost no Marines who were reported in that section of the ship. We have not a single steward's mate and their compartment was up there and we have very few officers that were in their rooms at the time of the explosion. So we believe all of those people were killed almost instantly. It's inconceivable that you can't get a message off or that we didn't get a message off. However, we do know that we were in the water about 107 hours, therefore, next time we think that we would like to have a positive means, in case we went down, of somebody saying, "They're gone", somebody with us and tell the outside world about it. uss indianapolis :: essays research papers USS Indianapolis The USS Indianapolis (CA-35) was commissioned at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 15 November 1932. The ship served with honor from Pearl Harbor through the last campaign of World War II, sinking in action two weeks before the end of the war. On 30 July 1945, while sailing from Guam to Leyte, Indianapolis was torpedoed by Japanese submarine I-58. The ship capsized and sank in twelve minutes. Survivors were spotted by a patrol aircraft on 2 August. All air and surface units capable of rescue operations were dispatched to the scene at once, and the surrounding waters were thoroughly searched for survivors. Upon completion of the day and night search on 8 August, 316 men were rescued out of the crew of 1,199. We believe we were hit by two torpedoes, one around frame 8 or 10, because the bow was blown off forward around ten. Another one [torpedo] around frame fifty. We believe that they were large torpedoes, that they were running close to the surface, because none of us believe the magazines blew up, that is the only way we can account for the flashes of flame through the ship. He was able to aft on the starboard side, although badly injured, he didn't get to the main engine room, No. 2 engine room, where he found No. 2 engine had lost vacuum and that was shut down. He did talk to somebody in No. 1 engine room. They told him that apparently the main steamline going through the port side of the forward engine room had been knocked loose. They had no steam and asked for instructions. All power all lights were lost forward. The fact that the [torpedo] hits were there, at least we think they were up forward, are borne out by the fact we have almost no Marines who were reported in that section of the ship. We have not a single steward's mate and their compartment was up there and we have very few officers that were in their rooms at the time of the explosion. So we believe all of those people were killed almost instantly. It's inconceivable that you can't get a message off or that we didn't get a message off. However, we do know that we were in the water about 107 hours, therefore, next time we think that we would like to have a positive means, in case we went down, of somebody saying, "They're gone", somebody with us and tell the outside world about it.

Strategic Implementation Essay -- Business, Organizational Culture

Strategic Implementation When choosing strategies to gain a competitive advantage and increase performance, the company must develop ways to implement those strategies. The actions taken at the functional, business, and corporate levels to execute a strategic plan include putting quality improvement programs into place, changing product designs, and segmenting the market. Also, when implementing strategies, the organization must choose the best structure, culture, and control systems to put the strategies into action. A governance system is needed for the organization to act in a manner that is consistent with maximizing profitability, profit growth, and legal and ethical practices. Organizational Structure The Clorox Company has expanded over the year the company had divided its operations into several branches: Household, International, Lifestyle, and Cleaning. The Clorox Company has divided their products that they produce into product groups and categories. Each product group focused on satisfying the needs of their target customers or groups and is managed by its own team of managers. A company’s organizational structure is the framework of the various relationships within the organization. It sets the foundation for the common actions and functions of employees at every aspect of the company. Organizational structure is a key component in achieving superior efficiency, quality, innovation, and responsiveness to customers (Hill & Jones, 2008). The organizational structure of The Clorox Company is a product structure. This structure is appropriate for a company when it has multiple products in multiple market segments. The intent of product structuring is to break up a compa ny’s growing product line into a number of s... ... 2004 until 2006. With Mr. Knauss holding various positions as head management in several companies has developed a leadership ability that is very consistent and spreading his vision of a company that must continue to change for the better. Mr. Donald R. Knauss, Don has been Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Clorox Corporation (formerly, the Clorox Co.), since October 2, 2006 and has overall responsibility for directing its worldwide business. Mr. Knauss has overall responsibility for directing the Clorox's worldwide business. He serves as an Executive officer of The Minute Maid Company. Mr. Knauss served as President and Chief Operating Officer of Coca-Cola North America at Coca-Cola Company from ..., including his director role at the Kellogg Company, provides him with a keen understanding of the company’s industry and customer and consumer dynamics.

Authoritarian Government for the Philippines

Closing Government, Rebuttal research Motion: â€Å"This house believes that an authoritarian government will help the Philippines progress. † I. Expected Argument â€Å"The form of government doesn’t matter and the progress of the country will depend on the kind of leader we have as a president. † II. Counter-Argument â€Å"Unlike in other forms of the government, the authoritarian form of government allows us to make a standard to what kind of leader is best for our country. † III. Explanation Since the authoritarian government aims for a person single-handedly leading our country, all citizens must adhere and go by the ideals set by the leader himself. The only time the country will be in chaos during an authoritarian regime is when the citizens don’t agree with the leader. This can be solved by a very strict criteria and standard of what kind of leader our president should be. The standards can be ranged from what kind of school he graduated from, to experiences in leadership. Being a leader of a country is not simply a face who everybody recognizes from television or somebody who bribes and cheats his way into position. Setting a standard is faster and more possible when we have an authoritarian government. Other governments have to be associated and linked with â€Å"freedom†, and so it is rarely possible to set a specific standard for electing a president because they promote independence and freedom of whomever wants to be a president. It is most likely that there could be an unsuitable leader that is elected to be president in a democratic form of government (because it is â€Å"everybody’s ball game†, quoted from my father) – that is the reason why until now, Filipinos are still protesting about our presidents and how they do not do anything to solve our problems. When we have a proper judgement of who to elect leader, we can have a more disciplined nation, economy follows right after because when we have a leader with one single vision to improve on our problems, the processes can be faster. The standard set can reflect how much our president can help us with our economy. Stocks can go higher, we can export more high priority local goods, and we can improve on our nationalism at the same time. We have to put our electoral nominees to the test so that we can have a more progressive country in terms of economy. IV. Examples In a smaller scale, the application of an authoritarian government can be associated with how one runs a company with the president as the CEO, and the different local governments in our country as the different departments in an office building. In a publicly owned company, the CEO must be a good role model to his employees in order to make them do their job properly. The CEO must provide the needs of the employees and in turn, the employees give their hard work and talent in their business. Trust is therefore developed and it makes running the business flow easily. When people choose a CEO, they do not just choose out of a whim. They pick people who are trained specially for the position and they have a guideline on who to assign the position of CEO or any other big name in a company. Effective CEOs are those who amidst crisis, can still maintain the stock prices and make them the same amount as every normal day. However, when they appoint a bad CEO, it can be seen when the stocks drop low for about 40 to 50% even when there is no serious problem. In that case, he should really be ousted. Singapore, having an authoritarian government led by Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, has an economy relatively corruption free and has one of the highest GDPs (Gross Domestic Products) in the world. It would not have been possible to have such a successful economy if not for such a qualified Prime Minister for their country. I believe that it is possible for it to happen in our country, the Philippines, as long as we have a specific guideline and criteria in nomitating and electing our country’s leader. V. Sources 1) â€Å"Country Rankings. † (accessed January 20, 2012) http://www. heritage. org/index/Ranking. aspx 2) Huff, W. G. â€Å"Cambridge Journal of Economics. † (accessed January 23, 2012) http://cje. oxfordjournals. org/content/19/6/735. abstract

MBA essay

Dear , As a student of [state you university here] taking up Mathematical and Computer Science,]   I was trained to be proficient in the various disciplines within the sciences.   And now that I am graduating this December 2007, I plan to take up master’s in business administration in Lamar in order to pursue my short-term goal of expanding my knowledge in business. I believe that having expertise in both science and business could help me a lot in terms of my career path and personal development. Science and business are two fields that offer bountiful opportunities especially if complemented with each other. I believe that science incorporated with a good business acumen would be instrumental in the realization of my long-term goal of being a manager for an esteemed company in the future. I believe that a master’s in business administration would prove to be assistive for my dream to hold a managerial position in a reputable company. Taking a Lamar master’s in business administration would be of help in terms of giving me more insight in how to make a business venture successful and beneficial to many people. At present, I observe that mainstream business tend to be more focused in just earning money alone. The ethical side of business is often forgotten in order to give way to the unrelenting drive for profit. Questions such as â€Å"How could this business be advantageous to the general populace?†Ã‚   or â€Å"How could this business help create wealth for many people† are now in danger of becoming obsolete. It was thus encouraging to know that the Lamar MBA puts a stress on business ethics. This shows the integrity of the university in imparting to its students (and would-be students) an ethical and at the same time profitable business venture. What also encouraged me to apply is the university’s experiential approach to analyzing situations and solving problems. This makes the program more dynamic since it doesn’t adhere to one formula alone. It allows the students to utilize lessons culled from their own experiences in order to make business more effective. This is exiting and challenging for me given my background. Having middle eastern roots, I came from a very conservative family. My decision to study in the US was very difficult considering that my family was disposed to the idea that I stay and study in my own country [state your country here]. After a good deal of convincing, my family finally approved my decision to study here in the US. I would have easily given up if not for my belief for a globally focused business. And being a melting pot of different cultures, US is an ideal place to exercise my belief for unity in diversity. Seeing and experiencing two different worlds was a profoundly life-changing experience. It actually shaped my identity as a multi-perspective individual.   This I believe forms the basis of my leadership qualities. To be a good leader, one must be able to accommodate various ideas in order to make something more vibrant and varied. My idea of a good leader is someone who is open-minded yet at the same time firm in making decisions. I got my idea of how a leader should be after working for two months in the US military. I chose to work in the military in order to learn straight from my father who works in the military as a general manager. There, I witnessed the effective way of dealing with different kinds of people. I have learned that respect is a key element in team building. For a particular team to function, the members, especially the leader, must show respect to everyone. Each one must also be disciplined and professional in dealing with the task at hand. Moreover, constructive criticisms should always be expected from everyone in order to correct what needs to be corrected. My idea of an effective leader was affirmed after taking a class under Professor [name the professor here.] He now teaches in Lamar university, and this is also one of the reasons why I am applying to this program. Professor [name of professor here] taught me a lot of valuable things that could not be found in our textbooks. This is not to say however, that he dismissed the importance of learning from books. What he did in our class was complement the things found in our textbook with practical lessons from our daily experiences. The effect was a much more comprehensive class. He also understood each of his students’ own capabilities and did not in any way try to set one standard of what a â€Å"good† student is. For him, all of us have potential and it is actually up to us to hone and nurture that   potential. This encouraged the students to work harder and be more efficient. I wouldn’t deny that my desire to apply in this university is partly due him. But above all, it is my determination to learn business that inspired me to apply to this program. Given my disposition and qualifications, I tender my application in the hope of getting accepted. I believe that my vision for an ethical business combined with science fits into this master’s program. To my mind, the master’s program would be a great venue for me to fully realize my potential and vision for a new brand of business. Through this program, I believe I could learn more and at the same time impart something that would further enliven our knowledge of business. Hoping for your positive response,   

Milky Way

Quinci Chapple Mrs. Ryan Language A – 9H January 12, 2012 Finding the Milky Way I often gaze into the night sky only to find bright lights and strange shapes I don’t understand. Starting at a young age, I enjoyed waiting for shooting stars and searching for the famous Big Dipper consolation as many nights as I could. As I grew older, I learned more and more about the universe and all that it contains. Today, I am even more intrigued by, not just the universe, but our very own Milky Way galaxy.I am amazed by its complicated systems and beautiful landscapes, but I still wanted to know how all of its magnificence was discovered. From receiving several astronomical filed guides and photographic collections from family over the years, I already knew some information about the Milky Way. I knew it received its name from the â€Å"milky† light it sheds and that it consists of millions of stars. By observing pictures, I could tell most research about the galaxy was done using telescopes with cameras.I also concluded that the Sun is at the center of the galaxy, but that was just from my comprehension of the term â€Å"solar system†. In other words, I really did not know much about how the Milky Way was discovered, especially since telescopes and high quality technology has not been around forever. The area of interaction that I believe ties to my research is Human Ingenuity. Human Ingenuity focuses on the evolution of process and human creations. How it is important to research the developments of humans throughout history and how those creations affect life and society.The processes made by astronomers to observe the Milky Way have affected human life tremendously, considering it’s where humans live. The steady research of the galaxy through time has led to even greater discoveries and information that humans never thought possible to obtain. I want to know the exact progression of methods and research in discovering the Milky Way. Fr om where the first astronomers got their ideas and plans to take on such a puzzling challenge, to how those methods have led to all the facts we know about the galaxy today.I want to learn about the instruments used to make these discoveries and the people behind them. I would like to be able to conduct a general timeline of the uncovering of the Milky Way. In addition, I find myself wondering why it is so important to study the Milky Way and other elements of outer space. To learn so much information, I need to ask myself questions based on the research topic. Because I want to know how the Milky Way was discovered, I ask the main question, what methods and tools were and are used to observe the Milky Way?The Search Originally, I began my search with the topic astronomical discoveries in mind. I navigated to my school’s library website to use the databases available there shown to me by the librarian. I typed the words astronomy discoveries in the Gale Power Search database, scrolled down reading the various article titles, then clicked on Cosmic Discoveries: The Wonder of Astronomy. As I began to read over the article, I did not understand the information. I soon realized the article was a very short book review for a book I did not have.I clicked back to my search results to find another article titled, 10 years ago in Astronomy. However, this too ended up being a book review. I left the Gale Power Search back to the library’s website to visit the database ProQuest where I searched astronomy discoveries once again. This time, I clicked an article titled Top 10 discoveries of the last 35 years, assuming it would be about discoveries in astronomy over the years. Starting to read the article, I came across a section that raved about the thousands of breakthroughs in astronomy in thirty-five years, the article only covering a ten.This section helped me realize that my topic was too broad to make of, so I decided to narrow my search topic to the di rect history of the Milky Way galaxy. Coming in with my narrowed search topic made things a lot simpler. I used the search engine Google to type in the keywords history of the Milky Way. Thousands of articles popped up, but I clicked on the page Wikipedia had made for the Milky Way. The article was helpful because it was organized into sections, one of them being history, which I immediately went to.The history section of the article gave specific dates and names that contributed to my search. The article explained the first observations of the galaxy and told of the works of the first astronomers, yet the information given was limited. Since I turned my search to the history of the Milky Way, I began to take into consideration how I might transform this topic into a personal project. That thought mixed with the small pieces of information Wikipedia gave made me doubt my space inspired topics. Space was not turning out to be as interesting as I had thought. My next search kept me se t on my topic.Using Google, I searched how was the Milky Way discovered which brought up a great article. The article was set up like a timeline that was simple and easy to understand, especially with all the dates. Once I read and took notes on this article my Area of Interaction was obvious, Human Ingenuity. Now that I had my lens to focus through, researching and planning for my paper was getting much easier. My next few searches were all through Google; one that was really helpful was the search discovering the Milky Way where I found the widespread article The Milky Way Galaxy.This article was the most helpful of all my sources because it provided many pages of clear, organized information fully concerning my topic. The article was more like a book, organized into numbered â€Å"chapters† discussing several different aspects of the Milky Way’s history and current status. The article had one specific section about the techniques used to observe the galaxy over the years. I marked countless notes in my journal that would greatly contribute to my research. The text noted radio mapping and the great history of telescopes.That article lead me to my next search, telescope used to observe the Milky Way. I clicked on the first article titled, Telescope witnesses Milky Way star birth. The article was very useful because it went a little more into depth with the processes used to observe and map the galaxy. It told me about the people to first observe the Milky Way and how far research on the galaxy has come. The article was very current which was supportive to the information. The many articles about the telescopes lead me to my last search, invention of the Herschel telescope (one of the first telescopes used).The article History of the Telescope- Telescope Tips gave a perfect, brief description of the history of the telescope. The article was a great way to wrap up my search with a little more background about the astronomers and their inventions t o uncover more about the Milky Way. What I Discovered The information that I found through my research revealed ideas that I was not aware of and clarified facts that I thought I knew. The investigation answered the research question and provided details extending my thoughts and research topic.Insight on the main ideas was provided by several sources developing thoughts on the structure and contents of the Milky Way, the techniques used to research the Milk Way, the instruments used to observe the galaxy, and the people who contributed to the galaxy’s record. Many of the sources I found described discoveries of the structure and materials within the Milky Way. I learned that in 1915, the galaxy was found to be made up of thousands of globular clusters, which are groupings of millions of stars. Also, around the same time of this discovery, the galaxy was proposed to be a disk shape with several arms extending out from the center.Some of the arms called Sagittarius, Carina, Or ion, and Perseus all extend from the center of the galaxy, the sun being in the Orion arm. All this information was later confirmed by the Spitzer Space Telescope. However, one source told that there are more stars in the galaxy than can be seen because molecular clouds of dust block the light from the stars and cut the view of the system. These dust clouds often contain RR Lyrae stars which are â€Å"used to locate the center of the galaxy because clusters can be seen at relatively great distances.The stars are used to measure distance and Luminosity Relation to the Sun, which calculates the brightness of individual stars. â€Å"I found out later that the molecular dust helps in another way of research. As I continued to research, I discovered the method of radio mapping that has been used since the early 1960s. Radio mapping was an important discovery for the mapping of the Milky Way, â€Å"Astronomers had been trying the build such maps a topical wavelengths, but with the deve lopment of workable radio telescopes in the 1950s, observations were finally able to cut through the murk and create a useful map.The Milky Way had been thought to be a spiral galaxy, and the radio map of the H-I (hydrogen cold) regions showed that it seemed to have three spiral arms†(Goebel) Radio signals are sent out from Earth into the galaxy, then machines measure the wavelengths of the radio signals â€Å"bouncing† back to Earth off the molecular clouds. This process has mapped physical features of the Milky Way through telescopes and computers. According to the article â€Å"Telescope witness’s Milky Way star birth† by Clara Moskowitz, radio mapping is not the first or only method used to find the Milky Way.A 1700s astronomer named William Herschel was the first known to observe the Milky Way. Herschel created a space telescope inspired by the scientist Isaac Newton’s telescope sometime in the early 1700s. â€Å"Herschel’s infrared vis ion lets us sense the feeble heat from some of the coldest objects in the cosmos. † (Moskowitz) Herschel’s telescope measured stars and celestial objects so those could be mapped as well, since there are so many within the galaxy. This article also described the modern tools used to observe space.The Photo detector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) and the Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) can be sent out in space or remain in an observatory to work together to take five images at once. The celestial objects to be photographed are limitless, and include the arms and clusters of the Milky Way. Herschel began his research by â€Å"cutting† the sky into equal sections, then using his telescope to best count the number of stars in each section, then drew out a map of the galaxy setting the Sun in the center.In 1920, an American astronomer, Kapteyn, created a modern version of Herschel’s famous map, but with an updated placement of the Sun wh ich was proven to be slightly off center. So, I discovered that the telescope played a major role, probably the most important role, in discovering the Milky Way, â€Å"From Issac Newton’s first working telescope to Herschel’s large scale style, and the telescope has opened the eyes of aspiring astronomers for centuries into the extraordinary world that is our Milky Way Galaxy. †(White).The results I obtained through my search process have collectively answered all aspects of my research question. The question at hand was, what methods and tools were and are used to observe the Milky Way? I learned about the telescope and how it is the main instrument that has been used for centuries in astronomy research. I was also hoping to find out about the features of the Milky Way, which learning about the telescope lead me to find. I also learned about the method of radio mapping and how helpful its results have been.The radio mapping found the RR Lyrae Stars which both have been impactful. I was introduced to some modern machines that are used today for observations. Also, going beyond the research question, I was educated about the people who made significant research concerning the galaxy. However, learning about the people connected me to the methods they used, such as Herschel’s mapping, which answered the sole inquiry of the question. Reflection During the writing of my I-Search paper I acquired many research skills while improving on my previous ones.My research skills helped me solve the problems I faced during research, but also allowed me to find reliable and organized information. I answered my research question completely and connected my research to the Area of Interaction that I chose. If I was able to go through this process again, there are some things that I would do differently. In addition, my research leading to my personal projects does not seem promising. While researching, I believe I learned how to tell is a topic is too broad or too narrow to write a paper with that makes sense while still being simple and direct.My topic started out being too broad to accurately cover over all the information regarding it, so I wanted to make it less generalized, but still in the same field as my original topic. I also learned that while taking notes it’s really important to take direct quotes from articles because they add a lot of authenticity and accuracy to the paper which makes for an all-around better paper. I believe I have always been good at taking notes which helped with my process journals. Also, connecting each process journal to the next makes it easy to write the â€Å"What I Discovered† section of the paper.Summarizing the main ideas of an article is really important, not copying every word. Some problems I had during my research were repetitive information throughout articles and finding articles that were book reviews which didn’t contribute at all. Some articles were too short or poorly written with limited information provided. Another minor problem was a lot of the articles I used did not show the author or date of publication. One the other hand, a lot of the articles I found were organized and gave interesting information that I didn’t find in any other article, which is exactly what I was looking for.Many of the articles I found provided names, dates, and photographs which help in understanding; I try my best to find sites that provide these features. It was very easy to find information that was clearly connected to my question and topic. The sites that I did find were reliable, if a site did not seem reliable, I did not use the information. My research resulted in a through and detailed answer to my research question, what methods and tools were and are used to observe the Milky Way? The methods used were explained to me and examples of instruments were given.I completely understand my topic from doing this research. Also, I used my Ar ea of Interaction, Human Ingenuity, to focus my search. The idea of using special methods to observe the world and designing tools, such as the telescope, to aid and strengthen human’s independent research. If I were to do the I-Search paper again, I would probably use an entirely new topic. Before starting the process journals I felt rushed to come up with a topic that was personal to me, able to produce a product (for the personal project), generally interesting, and had enough material behind it to write a paper on.I would choose a topic that I had the equipment and experience to create a product with. I own a telescope with connected camera, but I feel that it is not the quality to capture the galaxy, if I were to use this topic for my personal project. However, if I were to do the paper over again with the same topic, I would definitely organize my â€Å"What I Discovered† section into a clearer format that included more information that I decided to leave out thi s time for concern of length.I believe sometimes I write too much or include information that is irrelevant. Work Cited â€Å"Discovery of the Milky Way. †Ircamera. Google. January 10, 2012. http://ircamera. as. arizona. edu. /NatSci102/NatSci102/lectures/milkyway. htm. Goebel, Greg. †The Milky Way Galaxy. †In the Public Domain. June 1st, 2010. Google. January 11th, 2012. http://vectorsite. net/tastgal_07. html. Moskowitz, Clara. †Telescope witnesses Milky Way star birth. †Space on MSNBC. October 2nd,